The Nonroyal Afterlife in the Old Kingdom

James P. Allen

The Metropolitan Museum of Art


Breasted’s phrase, ‘the democratization of the hereafter,’ has become enshrined in Egyptology as an apt expression of the notion that the afterlife of the king, as expressed in the Pyramid texts, was only gradually extended to other Egyptians after the end of the Old Kingdom. This paper will examine archeological, artistic, and textual evidence for concepts of the afterlife that were envisioned for the king’s subjects in the Old Kingdom.